[29] A handful of other languages (including Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese, and Norwegian) have also switched to "o" like English, but most languages continue to prefer forms with u, e.g. Notable Romanian classical composers of the 19th and 20th centuries include: Ciprian Porumbescu, Anton Pann, Eduard Caudella, Mihail Jora, Dinu Lipatti and especially George Enescu. [134] In Transylvania, most Romanians supported the imperial government against the Hungarian revolutionaries after the Diet passed a law concerning the union of Transylvania and Hungary. [329], Historically, Romanian researchers and inventors have made notable contributions to several fields. [346] Starting in December 2014, Romania became a co-owner of the International Space Station. [217][218], Nevertheless, there have been efforts to tackle corruption. [318] Tourism in Romania attracted €400 million in investments in 2005. [464] In professional boxing, Romania has produced many world champions across the weight divisions internationally recognised by governing bodies. The process succeeded in repaying all of Romania's foreign government debt in 1989. [321][322], Most popular skiing resorts are along the Valea Prahovei and in Poiana Brașov. 2010. The most notable players include Ștefan Birtalan, Vasile Stîngă (all-time top scorer in the national team) and Gheorghe Gruia who was named the best player ever in 1992. [475] Other Romanian athletes who collected five gold medals like Comăneci are rowers Elisabeta Lipa (1984-2004) and Georgeta Damian (2000-2008). [145][146], Fearing Russian expansionism, Romania secretly joined the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in 1883, but public opinion remained hostile to Austria-Hungary. [61][62] The nomadic Avars defeated the Gepids and established a powerful empire around 570. [349] Hungarians constitute a majority in the counties of Harghita and Covasna. [35][36] The Cucuteni–Trypillia culture—the best known archaeological culture of Old Europe—flourished in Muntenia, southeastern Transylvania and northeastern Moldavia in the 3rd millennium BC. [301], According to the Romania's National Institute of Statistics (INSSE), Romania's total road network was estimated in 2015 at 86,080 kilometres (53,488 mi). [70][71] The Gesta also listed many peoples—Slavs, Bulgarians, Vlachs, Khazars, and Székelys—inhabiting the same regions. Renungan Harian Katolik, Minggu 8 November 2020: Menanti Tuhan Minggu Biasa XXXII Keb 6:13-17); 1Tes 4:12-17; Mat 25:1-13. Dictionnaire Reverso français-roumain : des millions de mots et expressions en français avec leur traductions en roumain, exemples en contexte, pronunciation The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft).[10]. [118], Princes Dimitrie Cantemir of Moldavia and Constantin Brâncoveanu of Wallachia concluded alliances with the Habsburg Monarchy and Russia against the Ottomans, but they were dethroned in 1711 and 1714, respectively. Dateien sind unter den Lizenzen verfügbar, die auf ihren Beschreibungsseiten angegeben sind. [87][88] A high-ranking royal official, styled voivode, ruled the Transylvanian counties from the 1170s, but the Székely and Saxon seats (or districts) were not subject to the voivodes' authority. [142] Although Romanian scholars strove for the unification of all Romanians into a Greater Romania, the government did not openly support their irredentist projects. [266] Total defence spending in 2007 accounted for 2.05% of total national GDP, or approximately US$2.9 billion, with a total of $11 billion spent between 2006 and 2011 for modernization and acquisition of new equipment. [465] In singles, Ilie Năstase was the first year-end World Number 1 in the ATP Rankings in 1973, winning several Grand Slam titles. [9] It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate. As Romania's foreign debt increased sharply between 1977 and 1981 (from US$3 billion to $10 billion),[205] the influence of international financial organisations—such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank—grew, gradually conflicting with Ceaușescu's autocratic rule. Les municipes n'ont pas de subdivisions administratives même si, de façon non officielle, les grands municipes sont divisés en quartiers. There are a total of 320 cities and 2,861 communes in Romania. Brâncuși has a sculptural ensemble in Târgu Jiu, while his sculpture Bird in Space, was auctioned in 2005 for $27.5 million. Verbtabelle anzeigen. Als Phanarioten (griechisch Φαναριώτες) werden im weiteren Sinne alle Istanbuler Griechen bezeichnet, die heute nur noch wenige tausend Köpfe zählen. [385], Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, University of Bucharest, and West University of Timișoara have been included in the QS World University Rankings' top 800. [270], Romania contributed troops to the international coalition in Afghanistan beginning in 2002,[271] with a peak deployment of 1,600 troops in 2010 (which was the 4th largest contribution according to the US). Romania is the largest country in Southeastern Europe and the twelfth-largest in Europe, having an area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 sq mi). [136] The united principalities officially adopted the name Romania on 21 February 1862. [473], Gymnastics is country's major medal-producing sport,[474] with Olympic and sport icon Nadia Comăneci becoming the first gymnast ever to score a perfect ten in an Olympic event at the 1976 Summer Olympics. [247] In summer, average maximum temperatures in Bucharest rise to 28 °C (82 °F), and temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F) are fairly common in the lower-lying areas of the country. 47.79499435424805 Odoreu 47.794995 22.992231 + 447210 5090 Satu Mare 2008 48.82 22.99223136901855 Transylvanie 4 Odoreu_jud_Satu_Mare.png Odoreu Coats of arms of None.svg 97344105 Odoreu (Szatmárudvari en hongrois) est une commune roumaine du județ de Satu Mare, … In Transparency International's 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index, Romania's public sector corruption score deteriorated to 44 out of 100, reversing gains made in previous years. [137] Cuza's government carried out a series of reforms, including the secularisation of the property of monasteries and agrarian reform, but a coalition of conservative and radical politicians forced him to abdicate in February 1866. [304] There are sixteen international commercial airports in service today. Cine sunt următorii în Top 5", "Miodrag Belodedici: the fugitive libero who conquered Europe twice | Jonathan Wilson", "What happened to Helmuth Duckadam? [353] In 2014, 31.2% of births were to unmarried women. From 2000 onward, however, the Romanian economy was transformed into one of relative macroeconomic stability, characterised by high growth, low unemployment and declining inflation. Thus, Communist Romania was the only Warsaw Pact country which refused to participate in the Soviet-led 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia. [370] Romania has the world's third-largest Eastern Orthodox population.[371][372]. [363], According to the Constitution, local councils ensure linguistic rights to all minorities, with localities with ethnic minorities of over 20%, that minority's language can be used in the public administration, justice system, and education. [154] King Ferdinand again mobilised the Romanian army on behalf of the Entente Powers a day before Germany capitulated on 11 November 1918. [417] Winter holidays include the Christmas and New Year festivities during which various unique folklore dances and games are common: plugușorul, sorcova, ursul, and capra. [40][41] He also conquered the Greek colonies in Dobruja and the neighbouring peoples as far as the Middle Danube and the Balkan Mountains between around 55 and 44 BC. [175] The Iron Guard staged a coup against Antonescu, but he crushed the riot with German support and introduced a military dictatorship in early 1941. These would last until the 15th century. [430], Football is the most popular sport in Romania with over 219,000 registered players as of 2018[update]. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 7. [158][161][162] Although minorities could establish their own schools, Romanian language, history and geography could only be taught in Romanian. [298], Since 1867 the official currency has been the Romanian leu ("lion") and following a denomination in 2005. Carte de la Roumanie. [56] The Council of Preslav declared Old Church Slavonic the language of liturgy in the First Bulgarian Empire in 893. Câte milioane de români au acces la internet", "• Chart: Blistering broadband: Europe's fastest downloaders | Statista", "Top 10: Where to Find the World's Fastest Internet", "Romanian city comes out first in the world in Internet download speed ranking", "Country/Economy Profiles: Romania, Page 329 Travel&Tourism", "Tourism attracted in 2005 investments worth €400 million", Report from Romanian National Institute of Statistics, "Castelul Bran, marcat de istorie, dar şi de legenda lui Dracula atrage anual sute de mii de turişti", "Bine ati venit pe site-ul de promovare a pensiunilor agroturistice din Romania !!! [248] In winter, the average maximum temperature is below 2 °C (36 °F). The oldest known surviving document written in Romanian, a 1521 letter known as the "Letter of Neacșu from Câmpulung",[23] is notable for including the first documented occurrence of the country's name: Wallachia is mentioned as Țeara Rumânească (old spelling for "The Romanian Land"; țeara from the Latin terra, "land"; current spelling: Țara Românească). It is the fourth-largest Orthodox Church in the world,[368] and unlike other Orthodox churches, it functions within a Latin culture and utilises a Romance liturgical language. [258] A movement for unification of Romania and Moldova appeared in the early 1990s after both countries achieved emancipation from communist rule[263] but lost ground in the mid-1990s when a new Moldovan government pursued an agenda towards preserving a Moldovan republic independent of Romania. [365] In 2010, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie identified 4,756,100 French speakers in the country. [338][339] The country joined the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2011,[340] and CERN in 2016. [200] A 2006 Commission estimated the number of direct victims of the Communist repression at two million people. [90] Papal correspondence mentions the activities of Orthodox prelates among the Romanians in Muntenia in the 1230s. [120][121] The Phanariot princes pursued oppressive fiscal policies and dissolved the army. [413] The city of Sibiu, with its Brukenthal National Museum, was selected as the 2007 European Capital of Culture. "[262], Relations with Moldova are a special case given that the two countries share the same language and a common history. [360], The official language is Romanian, a Romance language (the most widely spoken of the Eastern Romance branch), which presents a consistent degree of similarity to Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian, but shares many features equally with the rest of the Western Romance languages, specifically Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Catalan. The Armed Forces consist of approximately 15,000 civilians and 75,000 military personnel—45,800 for land, 13,250 for air, 6,800 for naval forces, and 8,800 in other fields. [40][44] He resisted the Romans for decades, but the Roman army defeated his troops in 106 AD. [215] In November 2015, massive anti-corruption protests which developed in the wake of the Colectiv nightclub fire led to the resignation of Romania's Prime Minister Victor Ponta. [258] Romania also declared its public support for Turkey, and Croatia joining the European Union. [403], Prominent Romanian painters include: Nicolae Grigorescu, Ștefan Luchian, Ion Andreescu Nicolae Tonitza and Theodor Aman. Several writers rose to prominence in the 19th century, including: George Coșbuc, Ioan Slavici, Mihail Kogălniceanu, Vasile Alecsandri, Nicolae Bălcescu, Ion Luca Caragiale, Ion Creangă, and Mihai Eminescu, the later being considered the greatest and most influential Romanian poet, particularly for the poem Luceafărul. [246], Owing to its distance from open sea and its position on the southeastern portion of the European continent, Romania has a climate that is temperate and continental, with four distinct seasons. Bran Castle, near Brașov, is one of the most famous attractions in Romania, drawing hundreds of thousands of tourists every year as it is often advertised as being Dracula's Castle. Romania derives from the Latin romanus, meaning "citizen of Rome". The annual George Enescu Festival is held in Bucharest in honour of the 20th-century composer.
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